Docker

Introduction

Docker is a set of platform as a service products that use OS-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called containers. Containers are isolated from one another and bundle their own software, libraries and configuration files but they can communicate with each other through well-defined channels.

https://www.docker.com - Official Web Site.

https://hub.docker.com - Official Repository of Container Images.

It was originally developed for programmers to test their software but has now become a fully fledged answer to running servers in mission critical situations.

Each container has a mini operating system plus the software needed to run the program you want, and no more.

All of the 'hard work' for a piece of software has been 'done for you' and the end result is starting a program with one command line.

For example, the WordPress image contains the LAP part of LAMP (Linux + Apache + PHP) all configured and running.

Images

Docker Hub

LinuxServer

Installation

Engine

This will remove the old version of 'Docker' and install the new version 'Docker CE'...

sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io
sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce
sudo docker run hello-world

https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/ubuntu/#install-docker-ce-1

Compose

curl -I -s "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/latest" | grep 'location:' | sed 's/^.*[/]//'

Check the latest version of 'Docker Compose' and edit the following command...

sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.29.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
/usr/local/bin/docker-compose --version

https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/#install-compose

Usage

Statistics

docker stats
docker stats --no-stream

System information

docker system info

Run container

docker run hello-world

List containers

docker container ls
docker container ls -a

List container processes

docker ps
docker ps --format "table {{.ID}}\t{{.Names}}\t{{.Image}}\t{{.Ports}}\t{{.Status}}"

List container names

docker ps --format '{{.Names}}'
docker ps -a | awk '{print $NF}'

List volumes

docker volume ls
docker volume ls -f dangling=true

List networks

docker network ls

Information about container

docker container inspect container_name or id

Stop container

docker stop container_name

Delete container

docker rm container_name

Delete volumes

docker volume rm volume_name

Delete all unused volumes

docker volume prune

Delete all unused networks

docker network prune

Prune everything unused

docker system prune

Upgrade a stack

docker-compose pull
docker-compose up -d

BASH Aliases for use with Docker commands

alias dcd='docker-compose down'
alias dcr='docker-compose restart'
alias dcu='docker-compose up -d'
alias dps='docker ps'

Volumes

Multiple Containers

Use volumes which are bind mounted from the host filesystem between multiple containers.

First, create the volume bind mounted to the folder...

docker volume create --driver local --opt type=none --opt device=/path/to/folder --opt o=bind volume_name

Then, use it in your docker compose file...

services:
  ftp.domain.uk-nginx:
    image: nginx
    container_name: ftp.domain.uk-nginx
    expose:
      - "80"
    volumes:
      - ./data/etc/nginx:/etc/nginx
      - ftp.domain.uk:/usr/share/nginx:ro
    environment:
      - VIRTUAL_HOST=ftp.domain.uk
networks:
  default:
    external:
      name: nginx-proxy-manager
volumes:
  ftp.domain.uk:
    external: true

Using volumes in Docker Compose

Networks

Create your network...

docker network create existing-network

Use it in your docker-compose.yml file...

services:
  service_name:
    image: image_name:latest
    restart: always
    networks:
      - existing-network
networks:
  existing-network:
    external: true

https://poopcode.com/join-to-an-existing-network-from-a-docker-container-in-docker-compose/

Management

Cleaning Space

Over the last month, a whopping 14Gb of space was being used by /var/lib/docker/overlay2/ and needed a way to safely remove unused data.

Check your space usage...

du -mcsh /var/lib/docker/overlay2
14G     /var/lib/docker/overlay2

Check what Docker thinks is being used...

docker system df
TYPE            TOTAL     ACTIVE    SIZE      RECLAIMABLE
Images          36        15        8.368GB   4.491GB (53%)
Containers      17        15        70.74MB   286B (0%)
Local Volumes   4         2         0B        0B
Build Cache     0         0         0B        0B

Clean...

docker system prune
docker image prune --all

Check again...

du -mcsh /var/lib/docker/overlay2
9.4G    /var/lib/docker/overlay2

docker system df
TYPE            TOTAL     ACTIVE    SIZE      RECLAIMABLE
Images          13        13        4.144GB   144MB (3%)
Containers      15        15        70.74MB   0B (0%)
Local Volumes   4         2         0B        0B
Build Cache     0         0         0B        0B

...job done.

Portainer

https://www.portainer.io

https://github.com/portainer/portainer

https://hub.docker.com/r/portainer/portainer-ce

Monitoring

CTop

Press the Q key to stop it...

docker run -ti --name ctop --rm -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock wrfly/ctop:latest

Docker Stats

docker stats

Gotchas

https://sosedoff.com/2016/10/05/docker-gotchas.html

Applications

I have set up my docker containers in a master docker directory with sub-directories for each stack.

docker
|-- backups
`-- stacks
    |-- bitwarden
    |   `-- bwdata
    |-- grafana
    |   `-- data
    |-- mailserver
    |   `-- data
    |-- nginx-proxy-manager
    |   `-- data
    `-- portainer
        `-- data

Backups

https://github.com/alaub81/backup_docker_scripts

Updates

Tracking

Watchtower

A process for automating Docker container base image updates.

With watchtower you can update the running version of your containerized app simply by pushing a new image to the Docker Hub or your own image registry. Watchtower will pull down your new image, gracefully shut down your existing container and restart it with the same options that were used when it was deployed initially.

First Time Run Once Check Only

This will run and output if there are any updates them stop and remove itself...

docker run --name watchtower -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock containrrr/watchtower --run-once --debug --monitor-only --rm

Automated Scheduled Run Daily

This will start the container and schedule a check at 4am every day...

~/watchtower/docker-compose.yml

version: "3"
services:
  watchtower:
    image: containrrr/watchtower
    container_name: watchtower
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
    environment:
      - TZ=${TZ}
      - WATCHTOWER_DEBUG=true
      - WATCHTOWER_MONITOR_ONLY=false
      - WATCHTOWER_CLEANUP=true
      - WATCHTOWER_LABEL_ENABLE=false
      - WATCHTOWER_NOTIFICATIONS=email
      - WATCHTOWER_NOTIFICATION_EMAIL_FROM=${EMAIL_FROM}
      - WATCHTOWER_NOTIFICATION_EMAIL_TO=${WATCHTOWER_EMAIL_TO}
      - WATCHTOWER_NOTIFICATION_EMAIL_SERVER=${SMTP_SERVER}
      - WATCHTOWER_NOTIFICATION_EMAIL_SERVER_PORT=${SMTP_PORT}
      - WATCHTOWER_NOTIFICATION_EMAIL_SERVER_USER=${SMTP_USER}
      - WATCHTOWER_NOTIFICATION_EMAIL_SERVER_PASSWORD=${SMTP_PASSWORD}
      - WATCHTOWER_SCHEDULE=0 0 4 * * *

https://containrrr.dev/watchtower/

https://containrrr.dev/watchtower/arguments/#without_updating_containers

https://github.com/containrrr/watchtower

https://www.the-digital-life.com/watchtower/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lP_pdjcVMo

Updating

You can either ask Watchtower to update the containers automatically for you, or do it manually.

Manually updating when using docker-compose...

cd /path/to/docker/stack/
docker-compose stop
docker-compose pull
docker-compose start

Bitwarden

~/bitwardenrs/docker-compose.yml

version: "2"
services:
  bitwardenrs:
    image: bitwardenrs/server:latest
    container_name: bitwardenrs
    volumes:
      - ./data:/data/
    ports:
      - 8100:80
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      - TZ=Europe/London
      #- SIGNUPS_ALLOWED=false
      #- INVITATIONS_ALLOWED=false
      #- WEB_VAULT_ENABLED=false
networks:
  default:
    external:
      name: nginx-proxy-manager

Uncomment the extra security # lines after you have signed up, imported your old vault and set up your phone app and browsers, etc.

docker-compose down
docker-compose up -d

Check that the Bitwarden container environment has all the variables...

docker exec -it bitwardenrs env | sort

HOME=/root
HOSTNAME=e5f327deb4dd
INVITATIONS_ALLOWED=false
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
ROCKET_ENV=staging
ROCKET_PORT=80
ROCKET_WORKERS=10
SIGNUPS_ALLOWED=false
TERM=xterm
TZ=Europe/London
WEB_VAULT_ENABLED=false

... and then refresh your web vault page to see it see "404: Not Found" :-)

Bitwarden RS

Bitwarden Official

InfluxDB

You can have InfluxDB on its own but there is little point without something to view the stats so you might as well include InfluxDB in the Grafana stack and start both at the same time... see below :-)

Grafana

Here is a stack in docker-compose which starts both containers in their own network so they can talk to one another. I have exposed ports for InfluxDB and Grafana to the host so I can use them from the internet.

Obviously, put your firewall in place and change the passwords below!

~/grafana/docker-compose.yml

version: "3"
services:
  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana
    container_name: grafana
    restart: always
    networks:
      - grafana-influxdb-network
    ports:
      - 3000:3000
    volumes:
      - ./data/grafana:/var/lib/grafana
    environment:
      - INFLUXDB_URL=http://influxdb:8086
    depends_on:
      - influxdb
  influxdb:
    image: influxdb:1.8.4
    container_name: influxdb
    restart: always
    networks:
      - grafana-influxdb-network
    ports:
      - 8086:8086
    volumes:
      - ./data/influxdb:/var/lib/influxdb
    environment:
      - INFLUXDB_DB=grafana
      - INFLUXDB_USER=grafana
      - INFLUXDB_USER_PASSWORD=password
      - INFLUXDB_ADMIN_ENABLED=true
      - INFLUXDB_ADMIN_USER=admin 
      - INFLUXDB_ADMIN_PASSWORD=password 
      - INFLUXDB_URL=http://influxdb:8086
networks:
  grafana-influxdb-network:
    external: true

After this, change your Telegraf configuration to point to the new host and change the database it uses to 'grafana'.

NGiNX Proxy Manager

Provide users with an easy way to accomplish reverse proxying hosts with SSL termination that is so easy a monkey could do it.

Set up your host
Add a proxy to point to the host (in Docker this will be the 'name' and the port)
Go to http://yourhost

https://nginxproxymanager.com

https://github.com/jc21/nginx-proxy-manager

Create the Docker network...

sudo -i
docker network create nginx-proxy-manager

/root/stacks/nginx-proxy-manager/docker-compose.yml

version: '3'
services:
  app:
    image: 'jc21/nginx-proxy-manager:latest'
    container_name: nginx-proxy-manager_app
    restart: always
    networks:
      - nginx-proxy-manager
    ports:
      - '80:80'
      - '81:81'
      - '443:443'
    environment:
      TZ: "Europe/London"
      DB_MYSQL_HOST: "db"
      DB_MYSQL_PORT: 3306
      DB_MYSQL_USER: "npm"
      DB_MYSQL_PASSWORD: "npm"
      DB_MYSQL_NAME: "npm"
    volumes:
      - ./data:/data
      - ./data/letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt
    depends_on:
      - db
  db:
    image: 'jc21/mariadb-aria:latest'
    container_name: nginx-proxy-manager_db
    restart: always
    networks:
      - nginx-proxy-manager
    environment:
      TZ: "Europe/London"
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 'npm'
      MYSQL_DATABASE: 'npm'
      MYSQL_USER: 'npm'
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: 'npm'
    volumes:
      - ./data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql
networks:
  nginx-proxy-manager:
    external: true

Reset Password

docker exec -it nginx-proxy-manager_db sh
mysql -u root -p npm
select * from user;
delete from user where id=1;
quit;
exit

Custom SSL Certificate

You can add a custom SSL certificate to NPM by saving the 3 parts of the SSL from Let's Encrypt...

privkey.pem
cert.pem
chain.pem

...and then uploading them to NPM.

Updating

docker-compose pull
docker-compose up -d

NGiNX

Quick Container

Run and delete everything afterwards (press CTRL+C to stop it)...

docker run --rm --name test.domain.org-nginx -e VIRTUAL_HOST=test.domain.org nginx

Run and detach and use a host folder to store the web pages and keep the container afterwards...

docker run --name test.domain.org-nginx -e VIRTUAL_HOST=test.domain.org -v /some/content:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro -d nginx

Run and detach and connect to a specific network (like nginx-proxy-manager) and use a host folder to store the web pages and keep the container afterwards...

 docker run --name test.domain.org-nginx --network nginx-proxy-manager -e VIRTUAL_HOST=test.domain.org -v /some/content:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro -d nginx

Check the logs and always show them (like tail -f)...

 docker logs test.domain.org-nginx -f

Load Balancer

This is a simple exmaple test to show multiple backend servers answering web page requests.

docker-compose.yml

version: '3'
services:
  # The load balancer
  nginx:
    image: nginx:1.16.0-alpine
    volumes:
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
    ports:
      - "80:80"
  # The web server1
  server1:
    image: nginx:1.16.0-alpine
    volumes:
      - ./server1.html:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
  # The web server2
  server2:
    image: nginx:1.16.0-alpine
    volumes:
      - ./server2.html:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

nginx.conf

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
    upstream app_servers {    # Create an upstream for the web servers
        server server1:80;    # the first server
        server server2:80;    # the second server
    }
    server {
        listen 80;
        location / {
            proxy_pass         http://app_servers;  # load balance the traffic
        }
    }
}

https://omarghader.github.io/docker-compose-nginx-tutorial/

Proxy

This is very cool and allows you to run multiple web sites on-the-fly.

The container connects to the system docker socket and watches for new containers using the VIRTUAL_HOST environment variable.

Start this, then add another container using the VIRTUAL_HOST variable and the proxy container will change its config file and reload nginx to serve the web site... automatically.

Incredible.

~/nginx-proxy/docker-compose.yml

version: "3"
services:
  nginx-proxy:
    image: jwilder/nginx-proxy
    container_name: nginx-proxy
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/tmp/docker.sock:ro
networks:
  default:
    external:
      name: nginx-proxy

Normal

When using the nginx-proxy container above, you can just spin up a virtual web site using the standard 'nginx' docker image and link it to the 'nginx-proxy' network...

docker run -d --name nginx-website1.uk --expose 80 --net nginx-proxy -e VIRTUAL_HOST=website1.uk nginx

To use the host filesystem to store the web page files...

docker run -d --name nginx-website1.uk --expose 80 --net nginx-proxy -v /var/www/website1.uk/html:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro -e VIRTUAL_HOST=website1.uk nginx

In Docker Compose, it will look like this...

~/nginx/docker-compose.yml

version: "3"
services:
  nginx-website1.uk:
    image: nginx
    container_name: nginx-website1.uk
    expose:
      - "80"
    volumes:
      - /var/www/website1.uk/html:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro
    environment:
      - VIRTUAL_HOST=website1.uk
networks:
  default:
    external:
      name: nginx-proxy

Multiple Virtual Host Web Sites

~/nginx/docker-compose.yml

version: "3"
services:
  nginx-website1.uk:
    image: nginx
    container_name: nginx-website1.uk
    expose:
      - "80"
    volumes:
      - /var/www/website1.uk/html:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro
    environment:
      - VIRTUAL_HOST=website1.uk
  nginx-website2.uk:
    image: nginx
    container_name: nginx-website2.uk
    expose:
      - "80"
    volumes:
      - /var/www/website2.uk/html:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro
    environment:
      - VIRTUAL_HOST=website2.uk
networks:
  default:
    external:
      name: nginx-proxy

Viewing Logs

docker-compose logs nginx-website1.uk
docker-compose logs nginx-website2.uk

Proxy Manager

This is a web front end to manage 'nginx-proxy', where you can choose containers and create SSL certificates etc.

https://cyberhost.uk/npm-setup/

Various

https://hub.docker.com/_/nginx

https://blog.ssdnodes.com/blog/host-multiple-websites-docker-nginx/

https://github.com/nginx-proxy/nginx-proxy

WordPress

https://hub.docker.com/_/wordpress/

PHP File Uploads Fix

Create a new PHP configuration file, and name it docker-uploads.ini. Add the following configuration then save the changes.

# Allow HTTP file uploads
file_uploads = On

# Maximum size of an uploaded file
upload_max_filesize = 64M

# Maximum size of form post data
post_max_size = 64M

Update the docker-compose.yml to bind the docker-uploads.ini to the wordpress container and then restart the WordPress container.

volumes:
  - ./data/config/docker-uploads.ini:/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-uploads.ini

WordPress Clone

Create your A record in DNS using AWS Route 53 CLI...

cli53 rrcreate domain.co.uk 'staging 300 A 123.456.78.910'

Create your docker folder for the cloned staging test web site...

mkdir -p ~/docker/stacks/staging.domain.co.uk/data/{db,html}

Edit your docker compose file, with 2 containers, making sure you use the same network as your Nginx Proxy Manager...

~/docker/stacks/staging.domain.co.uk/docker-compose.yml

version: "3"
services:
  staging.domain.co.uk-wordpress_db:
    image: mysql:5.7
    container_name: staging.domain.co.uk-wordpress_db
    volumes:
      - ./data/db:/var/lib/mysql
    restart: always
    environment:
      - TZ=Europe/London
      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=siel6aiL
      - MYSQL_DATABASE=dbname
      - MYSQL_USER=dbuser
      - MYSQL_PASSWORD=ru5BeoFa
  staging.domain.co.uk-wordpress:
    depends_on:
      - staging.domain.co.uk-wordpress_db
    image: wordpress:latest
    container_name: staging.domain.co.uk-wordpress
    volumes:
      - ./data/html:/var/www/html
    restart: always
    environment:
      - TZ=Europe/London
      - VIRTUAL_HOST=staging.domain.co.uk
      - WORDPRESS_DB_HOST=staging.domain.co.uk-wordpress_db:3306
      - WORDPRESS_DB_NAME=dbname
      - WORDPRESS_DB_USER=dbuser
      - WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD=ru5BeoFa
networks:
  default:
    external:
      name: nginx-proxy-manager

Start containers with correct settings and credentials for existing line web site (so that the docker startup script sets up the MySQL permissions)...

docker-compose up -d

Check the logs to make sure all is well...

docker logs staging.domain.co.uk-wordpress
docker logs staging.domain.co.uk-wordpress_db

Copy the WordPress files to the host folder and correct ownership...

cp -av /path/to/backup_unzipped_wordpress/ ~/docker/stacks/staging.domain.co.uk/html/
chown -R www-data:www-data ~/docker/stacks/staging.domain.co.uk/html/

Copy the sql file in to the running mysql container...

docker cp db_name.sql mysql_container_name:/tmp/

Log in to the database container...

docker exec -it mysql_container_name bash

Check and if necessary, change the timezone...

date
mv /etc/localtime /etc/localtime.backup
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/London /etc/localtime
date

Delete and create the database...

mysql -u root -p -e "DROP DATABASE db_name; CREATE DATABASE db_name;"

Import the database from the sql file, check and exit out of the container...

mysql -u root -p mysql_db_name < /tmp/db_name.sql
mysql -u root -p -e "use db_name; show tables;"
rm /tmp/db_name.sql
exit

Edit the wp-config.php on your host server to match new DB_HOST and also add extra variables to be sure...

nano /path/to/docker/folder/html/wp-config.php
define( 'WP_HOME', 'http://staging.domain.co.uk' );
define( 'WP_SITEURL', 'http://staging.domain.co.uk' );

Install WordPress CLI in the running container...

docker exec -it wordpress_container_name bash

Search and replace the original site url...

./wp --allow-root search-replace 'http://www.domain.co.uk/' 'http://staging.domain.co.uk/' --dry-run
./wp --allow-root search-replace 'http://www.domain.co.uk/' 'http://staging.domain.co.uk/'

Start your web browser and go to the test staging web site!

WordPress CLI

In your stack, set up the usual two DB + WordPress containers, then add a third services section for wp-cli...

version: "3"
services:
  www.domain.uk-wordpress_db:
    image: mysql:5.7
    container_name: www.domain.uk-wordpress_db
    volumes:
      - ./data/db:/var/lib/mysql
    restart: always
    environment:
      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=password
      - MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress
      - MYSQL_USER=wordpress
      - MYSQL_PASSWORD=password
  www.domain.uk-wordpress:
    depends_on:
      - www.domain.uk-wordpress_db
    image: wordpress:latest
    container_name: www.domain.uk-wordpress
    volumes:
      - ./data/html:/var/www/html
    expose:
      - 80
    restart: always
    environment:
      - VIRTUAL_HOST=www.domain.uk
      - WORDPRESS_DB_HOST=www.domain.uk-wordpress_db:3306
      - WORDPRESS_DB_USER=wordpress
      - WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD=password
  www.domain.uk-wordpress-cli:
    image: wordpress:cli
    container_name: www.domain.uk-wordpress-cli
    volumes:
      - ./data/html:/var/www/html
    environment:
      - WP_CLI_CACHE_DIR=/tmp/
      - VIRTUAL_HOST=www.domain.uk
      - WORDPRESS_DB_HOST=www.domain.uk-wordpress_db:3306
      - WORDPRESS_DB_USER=wordpress
      - WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD=password
    working_dir: /var/www/html
    user: "33:33"
networks:
  default:
    external:
      name: nginx-proxy-manager

...then start it all up.

docker-compose up -d

Then, run your wp-cli commands (e.g. wp user list) on the end of a docker run command...

docker-compose run --rm www.domain.uk-wordpress-cli wp --info
docker-compose run --rm www.domain.uk-wordpress-cli wp cli version
docker-compose run --rm www.domain.uk-wordpress-cli wp user list
docker-compose run --rm www.domain.uk-wordpress-cli wp help theme
docker-compose run --rm www.domain.uk-wordpress-cli wp theme delete --all

SpamAssassin is controlled by Amavis (a fork of MailScanner) with the user 'amavis'.

Show Bayes Database Stats

docker exec --user amavis mail.mydomain.org.uk-mailserver sa-learn --dump magic --dbpath /var/lib/amavis/.spamassassin

Learn Ham

docker exec --user amavis mail.mydomain.org.uk-mailserver sa-learn --ham --progress /var/mail/mydomain.org.uk/info/cur --dbpath /var/lib/amavis/.spamassassin

Backups

Autodiscover

Create SRV and A record entries in your DNS for the services...

$ORIGIN domain.org.uk.
@	300	IN	TXT	"v=spf1 mx ~all; mailconf=https://autoconfig.domain.org.uk/mail/config-v1.1.xml"
_autodiscover._tcp	300	IN	SRV	0 0 443 autodiscover.domain.org.uk.
_imap._tcp	300	IN	SRV	0 0 0 .
_imaps._tcp	300	IN	SRV	0 1 993 mail.domain.org.uk.
_ldap._tcp	300	IN	SRV	0 0 636 mail.domain.org.uk.
_pop3._tcp	300	IN	SRV	0 0 0 .
_pop3s._tcp	300	IN	SRV	0 0 0 .
_submission._tcp	300	IN	SRV	0 1 587 mail.domain.org.uk.
autoconfig	300	IN	A	3.10.67.19
autodiscover	300	IN	A	3.10.67.19
imap	300	IN	CNAME	mail
mail	300	IN	A	3.10.67.19
smtp	300	IN	CNAME	mail
www	300	IN	A	3.10.67.19

docker-compose.yml

services:
  mailserver-autodiscover:
    image: monogramm/autodiscover-email-settings:latest
    container_name: mail.domain.org.uk-mailserver-autodiscover
    environment:
      - COMPANY_NAME=My Company
      - SUPPORT_URL=https://autodiscover.domain.org.uk
      - DOMAIN=domain.org.uk
      - IMAP_HOST=mail.domain.org.uk
      - IMAP_PORT=993
      - IMAP_SOCKET=SSL
      - SMTP_HOST=mail.domain.org.uk
      - SMTP_PORT=587
      - SMTP_SOCKET=STARTTLS
    restart: unless-stopped
networks:
  default:
    external:
      name: nginx-proxy-manager

Autodiscover

monogramm/autodiscover-email-settings

Internet Speedtest

https://github.com/henrywhitaker3/Speedtest-Tracker

Emby Media Server

https://emby.media/docker-server.html

https://hub.docker.com/r/emby/embyserver

AWS CLI

docker run --rm -it -v ~/.aws:/root/.aws amazon/aws-cli s3 ls

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/install-cliv2-docker.html

Let's Encrypt

Issue a wildcard certificate...

docker run -it --rm --name certbot -v "/usr/bin:/usr/bin" -v "/root/.aws:/root/.aws" -v "/etc/letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt" -v "/var/lib/letsencrypt:/var/lib/letsencrypt" certbot/dns-route53 certonly --dns-route53 --domain "example.com" --domain "*.example.com"

Check your certificates...

docker run -it --rm --name certbot -v "/usr/bin:/usr/bin" -v "/root/.aws:/root/.aws" -v "/etc/letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt" -v "/var/lib/letsencrypt:/var/lib/letsencrypt" certbot/certbot certificates

https://certbot.eff.org/docs/install.html#running-with-docker

VPN

OpenVPN

Server

https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/openvpn-as

Client

https://hub.docker.com/r/dperson/openvpn-client

Routing Containers Through Container

sudo docker run -it --net=container:vpn -d some/docker-container

WireGuard

ffmpeg

https://registry.hub.docker.com/r/jrottenberg/ffmpeg

https://github.com/jrottenberg/ffmpeg

https://medium.com/coconut-stories/using-ffmpeg-with-docker-94523547f35c

https://github.com/linuxserver/docker-ffmpeg

MakeMKV

This will NOT work on a Raspberry Pi.

https://github.com/jlesage/docker-makemkv

Use this in combination with ffmpeg or HandBrake (as shown below) and FileBot to process your media through to your media server - like Emby or Plex..

MakeMKV > HandBrake > FileBot > Emby

To make this work with your DVD drive (/dev/sr0) you need to have the second device (/dev/sg0) in order for it to work. I don't get it, but it works.

/root/docker/stacks/makemkv/docker-compose.yml

version: '3'
services:
  makemkv:
    image: jlesage/makemkv
    container_name: makemkv
    ports:
      - "0.0.0.0:5801:5800"
    volumes:
      - "/home/user/.MakeMKV_DOCKER:/config:rw"
      - "/home/user/:/storage:ro"
      - "/home/user/ToDo/MakeMKV/output:/output:rw"
    devices:
      - "/dev/sr0:/dev/sr0"
      - "/dev/sg0:/dev/sg0"
    environment:
      - USER_ID=1000
      - GROUP_ID=1000
      - TZ=Europe/London
      - MAKEMKV_KEY=your_licence_key
      - AUTO_DISC_RIPPER=1

Troubleshooting

PROBLEM = "driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint makemkv: Error starting userland proxy: listen tcp6 [::]:5800: socket: address family not supported by protocol."

SOLUTION = Put 0.0.0.0:5801 in the published ports line of docker compose to restrict the network to IPv4.

Docker Process Output

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE               COMMAND   CREATED        STATUS        PORTS                              NAMES
4a8b3106b00b   jlesage/handbrake   "/init"   40 hours ago   Up 40 hours   5900/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5802->5800/tcp   handbrake
89fe3ba8a31e   jlesage/makemkv     "/init"   40 hours ago   Up 40 hours   5900/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5801->5800/tcp   makemkv

HandBrake

This will NOT work on a Raspberry Pi.

Use this in combination with ffmpeg or MakeMKV (as shown below) and FileBot to process your media through to your media server - like Emby or Plex..

I have changed the port from 5800 to 5802 because Jocelyn's other Docker image for MakeMKV uses the same port (so I move that one as well to 5801 - see above).

To make this work with your DVD drive (/dev/sr0) you need to have the second device (/dev/sg0) in order for it to work. I don't get it, but it works.

YouTube / DB Tech - How to install HandBrake in Docker

Blog / DB Tech - How to install HandBrake in Docker

Docker HandBrake by Jocelyn Le Sage

Docker Image by Jocelyn Le Sage

/root/docker/stacks/handbrake/docker-compose.yml

version: '3'
services:
  handbrake:
    image: jlesage/handbrake
    container_name: handbrake
    ports:
      - "0.0.0.0:5802:5800"
    volumes:
      - "/home/user:/storage:ro"
      - "/home/user/ToDo/HandBrake/config:/config:rw"
      - "/home/user/ToDo/HandBrake/watch:/watch:rw"
      - "/home/user/ToDo/HandBrake/output:/output:rw"
    devices:
      - "/dev/sr0:/dev/sr0"
      - "/dev/sg0:/dev/sg0"
    environment:
      - USER_ID=1000
      - GROUP_ID=1000
      - TZ=Europe/London

Docker Process Output

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE               COMMAND   CREATED        STATUS        PORTS                              NAMES
4a8b3106b00b   jlesage/handbrake   "/init"   40 hours ago   Up 40 hours   5900/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5802->5800/tcp   handbrake
89fe3ba8a31e   jlesage/makemkv     "/init"   40 hours ago   Up 40 hours   5900/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5801->5800/tcp   makemkv

Automated Downloader

This takes the hassle out of going through the various web sites to find stuff and be bombarded with ads and pop-ups.

Jackett
Radarr
Transmission

Jackett > Radarr > Transmission

Create a docker network which Jackett and Radarr share to talk to each other...

sudo docker network create jackett-radarr

...then continue setting up the containers below.

Jackett

Jackett works as a proxy server: it translates queries from apps (Sonarr, SickRage, CouchPotato, Mylar, etc) into tracker-site-specific http queries, parses the html response, then sends results back to the requesting software. This allows for getting recent uploads (like RSS) and performing searches. Jackett is a single repository of maintained indexer scraping and translation logic - removing the burden from other apps.

So, this is where you build your list of web sites "with content you want" ;-)

https://fleet.linuxserver.io/image?name=linuxserver/jackett

https://docs.linuxserver.io/images/docker-jackett

https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/jackett

https://github.com/Jackett/Jackett

/root/docker/stacks/docker-compose.yml

version: "2.1"
services:
  jackett:
    image: ghcr.io/linuxserver/jackett
    container_name: jackett
    environment:
      - PUID=1000
      - PGID=1000
      - TZ=Europe/London
      - AUTO_UPDATE=true
    volumes:
      - ./data/config:/config
      - ./data/downloads:/downloads
    networks:
      - jackett-radarr
    ports:
      - 0.0.0.0:9117:9117
    restart: unless-stopped
networks:
  jackett-radarr:
    external: true

Radarr

Radarr is a movie collection manager for Usenet and BitTorrent users. It can monitor multiple RSS feeds for new movies and will interface with clients and indexers to grab, sort, and rename them. It can also be configured to automatically upgrade the quality of existing files in the library when a better quality format becomes available.

Radarr is the 'man-in-the-middle' to take lists from Jackett and pass them to Transmission to download.

Radarr is the web UI to search for "the content you want" ;-)

https://radarr.video/

https://docs.linuxserver.io/images/docker-radarr

https://github.com/linuxserver/docker-radarr

https://sasquatters.com/radarr-docker/

https://www.smarthomebeginner.com/install-radarr-using-docker/

https://trash-guides.info/Radarr/

So, you use Jackett as an Indexer of content, which answers questions from Radarr, which passes a good result to Transmission...

Settings > Profiles > delete all but 'any' (and edit that to get rid of naff qualities at the bottom)
Indexers > Add Indexer > Torznab > complete and TEST then SAVE
Download Clients > Add Download Client > Transmission > complete and TEST and SAVE

/root/docker/stacks/docker-compose.yml

version: "2.1"
services:
  radarr:
    image: ghcr.io/linuxserver/radarr
    container_name: radarr
    environment:
      - PUID=1000
      - PGID=1000
      - TZ=Europe/London
    volumes:
      - ./data/config:/config
      - ./data/downloads:/downloads
      - ./data/torrents:/torrents
    networks:
      - jackett-radarr
    ports:
      - 0.0.0.0:7878:7878
    restart: unless-stopped
networks:
  jackett-radarr:
    external: true

NZBGet

Nzbget is a usenet downloader. That's all there is to say on that... even the official home page keeps things quiet.

https://nzbget.net

https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/nzbget

Webui can be found at <your-ip>:6789 and the default login details (change ASAP) are...

username: nzbget
password: tegbzn6789

Tandoor Recipe Manager

The recipe manager that allows you to manage your ever growing collection of digital recipes.

https://docs.tandoor.dev/install/docker/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-nb3muJxI0

/root/docker/stacks/tandoor/docker-compose.yml

version: "3"
services:
  db_recipes:
    container_name: tandoor_db
    restart: always
    image: postgres:11-alpine
    volumes:
      - ./data/postgresql:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    env_file:
      - ./.env
  web_recipes:
    container_name: tandoor_web
    image: vabene1111/recipes
    restart: always
    env_file:
      - ./.env
    volumes:
      - ./data/mediafiles:/opt/recipes/mediafiles
      - ./data/staticfiles:/opt/recipes/staticfiles
      - nginx_config:/opt/recipes/nginx/conf.d
    depends_on:
      - db_recipes
  nginx_recipes:
    container_name: tandoor_nginx
    image: nginx:mainline-alpine
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 80
    env_file:
      - ./.env
    depends_on:
      - web_recipes
    volumes:
      - ./data/mediafiles:/media
      - ./data/staticfiles:/static
      - nginx_config:/etc/nginx/conf.d:ro
volumes:
  nginx_config:
networks:
  default:
    external:
      name: nginx-proxy-manager

Project Send

Self-hosted file sharing... small, simple, secure.

https://www.projectsend.org

https://docs.linuxserver.io/images/docker-projectsend

https://github.com/linuxserver/docker-projectsend

What they don't tell you in the docs is that you need a database backend - which is not in the docker compose file.

So, we just add a MariaDB database container to the stack!

Create your subdomain A record in DNS...

cli53 rrcreate domain.uk 'send 300 A 123.45.678.90'

Create your Proxy Host in Ngnix Proxy Manager with an SSL...

https://send.domain.uk

Create directories on the server for the Docker container files...

sudo -i
mkdir -p /root/docker/stacks/projectsend/data/{config,db,files}
chown -R 1000:1000 /root/docker/stacks/projectsend/data/files

/root/docker/stacks/projectsend/docker-compose.yml

version: "2.1"
services:
  projectsend:
    image: ghcr.io/linuxserver/projectsend
    container_name: projectsend
    environment:
      - PUID=1000
      - PGID=1000
      - TZ=Europe/London
      - MAX_UPLOAD=100
    volumes:
      - ./data/config:/config
      - ./data/files:/data
      - /etc/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro
    expose:
      - 80
    restart: unless-stopped
  projectsend-db:
    image: mariadb
    container_name: projectsend-db
    environment:
      TZ: Europe/London
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: projectsend
      MYSQL_DATABASE: projectsend
      MYSQL_USER: projectsend
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: projectsend
    volumes:
      - ./data/db:/var/lib/mysql
      - /etc/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro
    restart: unless-stopped
networks:
  default:
    external:
      name: nginx-proxy-manager

Go to the secure web site URL and complete the installation, using the Docker container name for the 'Database hostname'.

projectsend-db

Then, log in with your Admin username and password...

Create Group 'Public' which is public.
Create Group 'Customers' which is not public.
Create Client 'Customer Name' which is assigned to the 'Customers' group.
Upload some files and test both the Public and Client links.

Enjoy.

Troubleshooting

Change the Site URL

If you move host or domain name, you can log in to the DB container and change the 'base_uri'...

docker exec -it projectsend-db bash
mysql -u root -p projectsend

MariaDB [projectsend]> 
MariaDB [projectsend]> select * from tbl_options where name = 'base_uri';
+----+----------+-------------------------+
| id | name     | value                   |
+----+----------+-------------------------+
|  1 | base_uri | https://send.domain.uk/ |
+----+----------+-------------------------+

MediaWiki

Installation

Create the docker compose file and use default volume. Go to your browser at http://localhost:8080 and finish setup. Download LocalSettings.php file and copy to it to the container filesystem, then copy the whole folder to the host filsystem...

docker cp LocalSettings.php mediawiki:/var/www/html/
docker cp mediawiki:/var/www/html /root/docker/stacks/mediawiki/data/
chown -R www-data:www-data data/html
chmod o-w data/html
docker-compose down
(then edit your docker-compose.yml file so that local folders are used)
docker-compose up -d

Now, all the files are on your docker folder, ready to easily backup :-)

mediawiki
`-- data
    |-- db
    `-- html

~/docker/mediawiki/docker-compose.yml

version: '3'
services:
  mediawiki:
    image: mediawiki
    container_name: mediawiki
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 8080:80
    links:
      - database
    volumes:
      #- ./data/html:/var/www/html     <-- #2
      #- /var/www/html/images      <-- #1
    environment:
      - PUID=33
      - PGID=33
      - TZ=Europe/London
  database:
    image: mariadb
    container_name: mediawiki_db
    restart: always
    environment:
      MYSQL_DATABASE: my_wiki
      MYSQL_USER: wikiuser
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: example
      MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD: 'yes'
    volumes:
      - ./data/db:/var/lib/mysql

https://hub.docker.com/_/mediawiki

Tweaks

Change default skin to mobile responsive modern one...

wfLoadSkin( 'Timeless' );
$wgDefaultSkin = "timeless";

Enable the new editing toolbar...

wfLoadExtension( 'WikiEditor' );

Make the URL shorter...

$wgScriptPath = "";
$wgScriptExtension = ".php";
$wgArticlePath = "/wiki/$1";
$wgUsePathInfo = true;

File uploads...

https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Configuring_file_uploads

https://kindalame.com/2020/11/25/self-hosting-mediawiki-with-docker/

Importing

Pages

OLD SERVER

Generate the page dump in XML format...

docker exec -it mediawiki bash
php maintenance/dumpBackup.php --current > pages.xml
exit

NEW SERVER

Import the pages...

cp pages.xml ./data/html/
docker exec -it mediawiki bash
php maintenance/importDump.php < pages.xml
php maintenance/update.php
php maintenance/rebuildall.php
exit

https://www.hostknox.com/tutorials/mediawiki/pages/export-and-import#import-pages-via-ssh

Images

OLD SERVER

Generate the image dumps using dumpUploads.php, which creates a txt list of all image filenames in use...

mkdir /tmp/workingBackupMediaFiles
php maintenance/dumpUploads.php \
   | sed 's~mwstore://local-backend/local-public~./images~' \
   | xargs cp -t /tmp/workingBackupMediaFiles
zip -r ~/Mediafiles.zip /tmp/workingBackupMediaFiles
rm -r /tmp/workingBackupMediaFiles

NEW SERVER

Unzip the files to your container filsystem...

cd /root/docker/stacks/mediawiki
unzip Mediafiles.zip -d ./data/html/

Import the Images...

docker exec -it mediawiki bash
php maintenance/importImages.php tmp/workingBackupMediaFiles
php maintenance/update.php
php maintenance/rebuildall.php
exit

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1002258/exporting-and-importing-images-in-mediawiki

Help

DB Tech

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVy16RS5eEDh8anP8j94G2A

https://gist.github.com/dnburgess

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